Alchemy

Overview

Alchemy is a particle effects system in Freelancer rendering. Almost all visual effects are made in this system, like weapon projectiles, explosions, engine exhausts and many more.

Alchemy data is presented by two entries in UTF:

• ALEffectLib for effect library.
• AlchemyNodeLibrary for node library.

Both entries appear in .ale files inside folder entries of same names.

Strings in ALE structures (astring) are NUL-terminated and prefixed by character count as uint16. Number of characters is always even regardless of actual string length: there will always be one or two NUL bytes at the end of string.

• Alchemy Nodes

Alchemy Effect Library

Effect library contains effect entries which are referenced in effect .ini files via effect_crc property of [VisEffect] section.

Name	Type	Description
version	float	Version (1.0 or 1.1).
effectCount	uint32	Effects count.
effects	varying

Effect

A single effect is comprised of hierarchy of node instances which reference node archetypes in Alchemy node library. These nodes typically fall into three categories: emitters, appearances and fields.

Emitters generate particles (points in space with direction and velocity), appearances visualize particles to be rendered with certain shapes, colors and textures, and fields can affect particles physically like applying gravity force to accelerate particles.

Name	Type	Description
name	astring	Effect name (ex.: "gf_jumpgate_rings").
unused	float[4]	Unused floats.
instanceCount	uint32	Node instances count.
nodeInstances	varying	Node instances.
pairCount	uint32	Node pair count.
nodePairs	varying	Node pairs.

• Unused floats appear only when version is 1.1f.

Each node instance is:

Name	Type	Description
flags	uint32	1 for attachment node, 0 for instance node.
name	uint32	Node's Node_Name value FLCRC32 (case-sensitive).
parentId	int32	Node instance parent id (32768 for none).
refId	int32	Node instance id.

• CRC pointing to a node in node library CRC of "Node_Name" parameter.
• Node instance indices start with 1.
• Order of node instances in effect is used for draw order.

Each node pair is:

Name	Type	Description
sourceId	int32	Pair source node instance (emitter/appearance).
targetId	int32	Pair target node instance (appearance/field).

Alchemy Node Library

Node library is a collection of node archetypes. Nodes have type property describing its behavior and list of properties, some of which are fixed values and some are animated.

Name	Type	Description
version	float32	Version (1.0 or 1.1).
nodeCount	uint32	Node count.
nodes	varying	Node archetype.

Individual node archetype contains:

Name	Type	Description
name	astring	Node type (ex.: "FxBasicAppearance").
properties	varying	Node properties.

• Read node properties until property type is 0.

Each property:

Name	Type	Description
type	uint16	Property value type.
name	uint32	FLCRC32 of property name (case-sensitive).
data	varying	Property data based on type.

Type is:

Value	Name	Animated
0x001	Boolean	No
0x002	Integer	No
0x003	Float	No
0x103	String	No
0x104	Blending	No
0x105	Transform	Yes
0x200	Float	Yes
0x201	Color	Yes
0x202	Curve	Yes

Boolean (0x1 or 0x8001)

• Contains no data, true/false is determined by most significant bit, i.e. 0x1 is false and 0x8001 is true.

Integer (0x2)

Name	Type	Description
value	int32	Signed integer number value.

Float (0x3)

Name	Type	Description
value	float	Float point number value.

String (0x103)

Name	Type	Description
value	astring	String value.

Color blending (0x104)

Name	Type	Description
source	uint32	Blending source mode.
target	uint32	Blending target mode (destination).

Possible values for source and target are:

Value	Name	Factor
1	D3DBLEND_ZERO	0, 0, 0, 0
2	D3DBLEND_ONE	1, 1, 1, 1
3	D3DBLEND_SRCCOLOR	Rs, Gs, Bs, As
4	D3DBLEND_INVSRCCOLOR	1 - Rs, 1 - Gs, 1 - Bs, 1 - As
5	D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA	As, As, As, As
6	D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA	1 - As, 1 - As, 1 - As, 1 - As
7	D3DBLEND_DESTALPHA	Ad, Ad, Ad, Ad
8	D3DBLEND_INVDESTALPHA	1 - Ad, 1 - Ad, 1 - Ad, 1 - Ad
9	D3DBLEND_DESTCOLOR	Rd, Gd, Bd, Ad
10	D3DBLEND_INVDESTCOLOR	1 - Rd, 1 - Gd, 1 - Bd, 1 - Ad
11	D3DBLEND_SRCALPHASAT	f, f, f, 1 (f = min(As, 1 - Ad))

Transform (0x105)

Name	Type	Description
flags	uint32
translate	curve[3]	Translation animation.
rotate	curve[3]	Rotation animation.
scale	curve[3]	Scale animation.

• Curve type is animated curve structure.
• If most significant byte in flags is 0 skip translate/rotate/scale altogether.

Animated float (0x200)

Name	Type	Description
easing	uint8	Blending value easing type.
keyframeCount	uint8	Blending keyframe count (1 or more).
keyframes	varying	Blending keyframes.

Each blending parameter keyframe:

Name	Type	Description
key	float	Parameter key.
easing	uint8	Value easing type.
keyframeCount	uint8	Value keyframe count (1 or more).
keyframes	varying	Value keyframes.

Each value keyframe:

Name	Type	Description
key	float	Keyframe key.
value	float	Keyframe number value.

• Typically animated float key is relative (0.0 to 1.0).

Animated color (0x201)

Name	Type	Description
easing	uint8	Blending value easing type.
keyframeCount	uint8	Blending keyframe count (1 or more).
keyframes	varying	Blending keyframes.

Each blending parameter keyframe:

Name	Type	Description
key	float	Parameter key.
easing	uint8	Value easing type.
keyframeCount	uint8	Value keyframe count (1 or more).
keyframes	varying	Value keyframes.

Each value keyframe:

Name	Type	Description
key	float	Keyframe key.
value	float[3]	Keyframe color value (RGB).

• Typically animated color key is relative (0.0 to 1.0).

Animated curve (0x202)

Name	Type	Description
easing	uint8	Blending value easing type.
keyframeCount	uint8	Blending keyframe count (1 or more).
keyframes	varying

Each blending parameter keyframe:

Name	Type	Description
key	float	Parameter key.
defaultValue	float	Default value.
wrapFlags	uint16	Wrapping flags for out of bounds keys.
keyframeCount	uint16	Keyframe count (0 or more).
keyframes	varying	Value keyframes.

Each value keyframe:

Name	Type	Description
key	float	Keyframe key.
value	float	Keyframe value.
valueOut	float	Keyframe outgoing value.
valueIn	float	Keyframe incoming value.

• Typically animated curve key is time (seconds).

Easing types

Value	Description
1	Linear.
2	Ease in.
3	Ease out.
4	Ease both.
5	Step.

Wrap flags

Determine what happens for out of bounds values.

Value	Description
0x0001	Repeat before.
0x0002	Mirror before.
0x0004	Clamp before.
0x0010	Repeat after.
0x0020	Mirror after.
0x0040	Clamp after.

---

Evaluating animated curve value

/**
 * Evaluate curve value between keyframes.
 * @param w Transition state between keyframes
 * @param a Start keyframe value
 * @param b End keyframe value
 * @param d Delta between start and end keyframe keys
 * @returns 
 */
mixCurve(w: number, a: Vector3, b: Vector3, d: number) {
    const { x: ax, z: av } = a;
    const { x: bx, y: bv } = b;

    d *= .5;

    const a0 = ax + av * d;
    const b0 = bx - bv * d;

    const a1 = lerp(w, ax, a0);
    const b1 = lerp(w, a0, bx);

    const a2 = lerp(w, ax, b0);
    const b2 = lerp(w, b0, bx);

    const a3 = lerp(w, a1, a2);
    const b3 = lerp(w, b1, b2);

    return lerp(w, a3, b3);
}

• lerp is a generic linear interpolation function.