How to do this requires use of FLHook, as I understand it.
This particular method I know is for creating player flown dockable carrier, but I don’t see why it couldn’t be adapted to do docking to orbiting planets.
Use FLHook to create some sort of command, say /dock or something, that only works when you’re targeting a particular planet and inside a maximum distance. Or, if you’re good enough, set up a Hook to do the same job when you hit F3 at an orbiting planet, but I don’t know how possible that is.
Make this command teleport the player to inside a base that sits somewhere in the system (you’ll need an extra base per planet, in the system). These base rooms will appear to the player to be the rooms for the planet they just docked at.
When you undock from aforementioned unreachable base, have FLHook teleport you back to in front of the planet.
I’m sure you can see how this works for docking to a player-flown carrier, just replace the planet with a player carrier. (Docking to the spare base allows players to be able to launch if the carrier they’re docked to dies or leaves the server. They just get arbitrarily dropped to wherever you want, either in front of this spare base, or to some location or somesuch.)
Hope this helps, but sadly I only know the method to do such a thing, not how to actually implement it.